{"id":403,"date":"2019-04-23T15:26:44","date_gmt":"2019-04-23T15:26:44","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-06-07T09:22:16","modified_gmt":"2019-06-07T09:22:16","slug":"roe-v-wade-1973","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lawteacher.net\/cases\/roe-v-wade-1973.php","title":{"rendered":"Roe v Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) \ufeff"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h3>\n

The case of Roe v Wade
\n<\/em>is perhaps one of the most famous US Supreme Court decisions to date.
\nDecided in the early 70s, the decision provides women with a constitutionally
\nprotected right to seek abortion. Despite having been settled over fifty years
\nago it remains controversial due to its position as the keystone of American
\nabortion rights, and is often called upon in response to various states\u2019
\nattempts to restrict abortion access.[1]<\/a>
\nThe decision is therefore of importance not only in the context of abortion
\ndebates, but also in discussions regarding state rights and the politicisation
\nof the judiciary.<\/p>\n

Case Timeline<\/h3>\n

19th<\/sup> Century
\n\u2013 <\/strong>Texas, along with the vast majority of other states, formally illegalises
\nabortion and a variety of associated acts.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

1969 \u2013 <\/strong>21-year-old
\nNorma McCorvey discovers she is pregnant and seeks to obtain an abortion. Texas
\nlaw permits abortion only where the life of the pregnant woman is at risk,
\nforcing McCorvey to seek illegal out an illegal procedure. She is unsuccessful
\nand eventually brings a case against the state of Texas. She is given the
\npseudonym \u2018Roe\u2019 in order to protect her identity.[3]<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

1970 \u2013 <\/strong>The case
\nis filed in District Court against defendant District Attorney Henry Wade. The
\ncase is decided in favour of the Roe. The defendant declares his intention to
\nignore the ruling and continue to prosecute those providing abortion services.
\nIn the meanwhile, Roe gives birth whilst awaiting the verdict of the case.[4]<\/a>
\nBoth parties seek to appeal to the Supreme Court. <\/p>\n

1971 \u2013 <\/strong>The
\nSupreme Court hears the case after delaying in order to first hear similar case
\nUnited States v Vuitch.[5]<\/strong><\/a>
\n<\/em>The District Court\u2019s decision in favour of Roe is upheld.<\/p>\n

1972 \u2013 <\/strong>The Court
\ndecides to hear a reargument of the case.<\/p>\n

1973 \u2013 <\/strong>Following
\nthe reargument, the Court affirms the original decision in a 7-2 split.<\/p>\n

2003-2004 \u2013 <\/strong>Roe, following
\na conversion to Catholicism, files a motion to have the case overturned. She is
\nunsuccessful.[6]<\/a> <\/p>\n

Issue <\/h3>\n

The primary question facing the court was whether the Constitution
\nprotected the right of a woman to obtain an abortion, therefore overturning
\nTexas\u2019 abortion laws and any similar prohibitions.<\/p>\n

Ruling<\/h3>\n

The court answered the above question positively, on the basis that an individual holds a right to privacy, as per the 14th<\/sup> Amendment right to personal liberty and the 9th<\/sup> Amendment right to the protection of unenumerated rights.[7]<\/a> Several reasons were given by the court for regarding the right to privacy to confer a right to access abortion. It was held that the individual had a private right to avoid the physical and mental stresses of both caring for and bearing an unwanted child, as well as a right to avoid the restriction on personal choice associated with childcare.[8]<\/a> Nonetheless, the court did note that the right to abortion was not absolute, and that the right was balanced against other considerations, such as state interest in protecting pre-natal life. This interest was held to increase, depending on which trimester the pregnancy was in. In particular, it was held that third-trimester abortions might be proscribed completely by state legislatures, whilst second-trimester abortion might only be restricted for reasons of maternal health.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Footnotes<\/h4>\n

[1]<\/a>
\nAlice Miranda Ollstein, Rachel Roubein, \u2018Here come the Roe v. Wade challenges\u2019
\n(Politico, 11 August 2018) Available at: https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2018\/11\/08\/abortion-roe-v-wade-abortion-court-cases-supreme-court-944166
\n[Accessed 17 April 2019]<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Paul
\nBenjamin Linton, \u2018Overruling Roe v Wade: <\/em>the
\nImplications for Women and the Law\u2019 (2017) 27 Life and Learning <\/em>161-183 171<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>
\nMerle H Weiner, \u2018Roe v Wade Case (US)\u2019 (Oxford Constitutions, 2015) Available
\nat: http:\/\/oxcon.ouplaw.com\/view\/10.1093\/law-mpeccol\/law-mpeccol-e564?print=pdf
\n[Accessed 17 April 2019] Para. 11<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>
\nIbid. at para. 14.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> United States v. Vuitch, <\/em>402 U.S. 62 (1971)<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>
\nMichael Carson, \u2018Norma McCorvey obituary\u2019 (The Guardian, 19 February 2017)
\nAvailable at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2017\/feb\/19\/norma-mccorvey-obituary
\n[Accessed 17 April 2019]<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Roe v Wade<\/em>, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) at 153.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>
\nIbid. at 155.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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